leaf spot of maize ppt

19 Northern Corn Leaf Blight . The major diseases are: four foliar diseases, two pre‐flowering and three post‐flowering stalk rots, four downy mildews and two sheath diseases. In Uttarakhand the disease occur from 850 m to >1900 m altitude. K.P. Infected tissues tur n a choc olate br own to re ddish NCLB lesions may also appear on the leaf sheaths and husks of susceptible hybrids. It is also known as southern corn leaf blight (SCLB). Early identification is crucial to effective management of bacterial leaf spot disease. It takes 1-2 weeks' time after the seed plantation Fig. Grey leaf spot of maize has emerged as a yield-limiting disease throughout USA and southern Africa in the last 25 years. Flecking was assessed in the maize nested association mapping ([NAM][1]) population, comprising 4,998 recombinant inbred lines from 25 biparental families, and in … Brown spot has been historically largely ignored as one of the most common and most damaging rice diseases. The occurrence of any specific disease depends on environmental conditions, cultural practices and the hybrid that is grown. Taking Germany again as an example, in 18 Northern Corn Leaf Blight . Black rot on ornamental kale is caused by X. campestris. It attacks leaves, leaf sheaths, stalks, and sometimes outer sasakii causing banded leaf and sheath blight disease is one of the important pathogens of maize. Resistance of maize varieties and lines to Physoderma maydis, causal organism of brown spot of maize in Udaipur, India. Although remote sensing (RS) techniques are … 20. Alternaria leaf spot is caused by fungus Alternaria brassicae. 2. Bacterial leaf spot on plants may manifest in several different ways. It can be a problem in areas of heavy rainfall or where overhead irrigation is used and the water is pumped from a lake, pond, or slow-moving stream. Cercospora Leaf Spot: Cercospora leaf spot of finger millet (caused by Cercospora eleusine) is a serious disease in mid and high hills, where rainfall is high and mean daily temperature does not exceed 20°C. 15 R5 Dent 35 to 42 days after silking . Leaf Spots. The causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of English ivy and other Araliaceae species is X. hortorum pv. Crop: Ragi, Scientific Name: Eleusine coracana Family: Graminae : BLAST : SEEDLING BLIGHT/LEAF BLIGHT/LEAF SPOT : FOOT ROT/WILT : SMUT : DOWNY MILDEW Leaf blights is a disease characterized by the appearance of spots on the leaves. Northern corn leaf spot is favored by high humidity and warm weather. 14 R4 Dough 24 to 28 days after silking . are splashed or wind-blown to upper leaves or to other plants. This system is ideally suited because pathogen virulence on maize is determined by a single metabolite, a toxin produced by the pathogen and inactivated by the host. 12 R2 Blister 10 to 14 days after silking . Symptoms of Bacterial Leaf Spot. Physiological leaf spotting, or flecking, is a mild-lesion phenotype observed on the leaves of several commonly used maize ( Zea mays ) inbred lines and has been anecdotally linked to enhanced broad-spectrum disease resistance. Plant Disease Reporter, 61(12):1080-1081. 7 V9 Nine Leaf Stage . Soutern corn leaf blight in maize, bacterial blight in rice, cotton and tomato, Cercospora leaf spot in sugarbeet, leaf roll virus in poatato, purple leaf spot Contd. Spores, surviving in the remains of previous crops, No. were found to cause the leaf spot symptoms in turmeric (Rathaiah, … P. maydis was also detected in the United States of America in 2015 and since then the pathogen has spread in the maize growing regions of the country. MAIZE LEAF BLIGHTS. Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is a foliar disease of corn caused by Exserohilum turcicum, the anamorph of the ascomycete Setosphaeria turcica.With its characteristic cigar-shaped lesions, this disease can cause significant yield loss in susceptible corn hybrids. Pathogen Exserohilum turcicum (Helminthosporium turcicum) Symptoms ; Lesions are long (1-8 inches), elliptical in shape, grayish-green or tan ; Severe infection can lead to death of the leaf 8 V15 Fifteen Leaf Stage . Septoria leaf spot of tomato plant caused by Septoria lycopersici. The Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) of maize was first reported from Sri Lanka. dieffenbachiae. Leaf beetles are an irregular pest of maize: The redshouldered leaf beetle is restricted to coastal areas and can infest at any stage of crop growth. 13 R3 Milk 18 to 22 days after silking . The initial symptoms are generally confused with gray leaf spot disease. The disease has been found to occur in Nepal and Uttarakhand hills. Crop: Maize, Scientific name: Zea mays Family: Poaceae Downy mildew / Crazy top : Leaf Blight : Charcoal rot : Rust 6 V6 Growing Point Differentiation . Sometimes these spots (lesions) could be many and could coalesce and make the leaves appear ‘burnt’ hence the name “blights”. Swarms of adult beetles move into a crop and feed on foliage, tassels, silks and the husk at the top of the cob. The leaves of the infected crop (especially kales) have black or brown circular spots. But the lesions from bacteria appear brown, orange, and/or yellow when you infected leaves are back-lit. 5.1.1 (A) Two leaf stage after germination of maize plant Although thought to be one species of fungus, Cercospora zeae-maydis, molecular tests have shown that another fungus, C. zeina, is dominant in eastern USA and southern Africa. Several fungi, namely Phaeodactylium alpiniae, Thirumalacharia curcumae, Phyllosticta zingiberii, Phaeorobillarda curcumae, Cercospora curcumae-longae sp. The spots may occur in bands across the leaf blade. Brown spot is a fungal disease that infects the coleoptile, leaves, leaf sheath, panicle branches, glumes, and spikelets.. Its most observable damage is the numerous big spots on the leaves which can kill the whole leaf. Lal BB; Chakravarti BP, 1977. maize across the continent, especially outside of the traditionally largest maize growing countries, namely France, Romania and Italy 1 . nov., Myrothecium roridum, Pyricularia curcumae, and Pestalotiopsis sp. Quantitative resistance to plant pathogens, controlled by multiple loci of small effect, is important for food production, food security, and food safety but is poorly understood. Brown spot of rice caused by Bipolaris oryzae (telemorph=Cochliobolus miyabeanus) is of worldwide occurrence and is known to cause substantial quantitative and qualitative losses in grain yield. Maize Yield Per Hectare In India In maize cultivation yield of crop mainly depends on the climate, field management, irrigation, variety and quality of seeds, and fertilizers. Alternaria Leaf Spot. Lal BB; Chakravarti BP, 1977. If you have a proper land and good farm management then you can get the 2500 kg corn yield per hectare. Sporangia are produced at low temperature (20-22°C), while oospores are formed at high temperature. Northern Corn Leaf Blight . What it does. Stalk rots are the most serious and widespread group of the diseases in maize. Prabhakaran Nair, in The Agronomy and Economy of Turmeric and Ginger, 2013. Pathogen The fungus grows as white downy growth on both surface of the leaves, consisting of sporangiophores and sporangia.Sporangiophores are quite short and stout, branch profusely into series of pointed sterigmata which bear hyaline, oblong or ovoid sporangia (conidia). Also in Bacterial Leaf Streak disease the lesions show slightly wavy edges when compared to the smooth, linear lesion margins of gray leaf spot. V3 Three Leaf Stage . 5.1 Various stages of maize plant (A) Seedling stage It is the initial stage of maize plant with 2-4 leaves after the emergence. Northern Corn Leaf Blight - Key Points. Although there are several races of the fungus that cause disease, Race 3 most likely causes the greatest impact in New York State. Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. To gain insight into the mechanistic basis of APR in maize, we have been studying the northern leaf spot (NLS) disease of maize (Zea mays) caused by C. carbonum. With time, the spots enlarge and concentric rings appear on them. 10 VT Tassel . Favorable Environmental Conditions Bacterial stalk and top rot is favored by high temperatures and high relative humidity. On hybrids with race-specific resistance, lesions are small and yellow and produce no spores (Figure 4). 3. The more common one in some parts of Africa is caused by the fungus Helminthosporium maydis. Northern Corn Leaf Blight Purdue extension lesions, and fewer fungal spores. 11 VT Tassel . Maydis leaf blight (MLB) is caused by the ascomycete fungi Bipolaris maydis and is reported from most maize growing regions of the world including India. Cytoplasmic resistance • Governed by genes present in the cytoplasm. Brown spot lesion s fir st appear as very small, rou nd-to-ob long, y ellowish spots on the leaf blade (Figure 1) , leaf she ath (Figu re 2), st alk, and r arely on the husks and tassel of the outer ear. 2 Brown spot Physoderma maydis The disease normally occurs in areas of high rainfall and high mean temperatures. hederae. Sporangia germinate directly and infect the plants. You can prevent this disease by planting certified seed or disease-free transplants. 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